Over the past decade, export controls have evolved from a specialised arms control and non-proliferation tool to a comprehensive mechanism for the maintenance of strategic economic advantages in the competition between great powers. China has played a central role in…
Artificial intelligence is reshaping how disinformation spreads. This report examines how AI intersects with contested information flows in Taiwan, one of the world’s most targeted democracies when it comes to foreign influence and digital manipulation. Drawing on interviews with fact-checkers,…
This report analyzes Japan’s preparations to evacuate and support internally displaced persons (IDPs) from Okinawa prefecture in the event of a Taiwan Strait contingency. It finds three major weaknesses in current Government of Japan (GOJ) civil protection planning: Drawing on…
This report analyzes the rapidly intensifying strategic partnership between North Korea (DPRK) and Russia since Moscow’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine, explaining how this alignment has evolved from a transactional wartime arrangement into a broader, potentially long-term geopolitical axis. It argues…
The African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) signed on 21 March 2018 represents Africa’s industrialization ambitions. To increase intra-African trade, governments are enacting value-addition policies that target their current raw mineral exports which collectively account for 70% of the continent’s…
This report reviews whether China’s legal frameworks for data governance create or increase risks for Dutch and European companies, individuals, infrastructure and national security, whether the Chinese government can leverage this legislation to affect the confidentiality, integrity and availability of…
