About Over the past decade, export controls have evolved from a specialised arms control and non-proliferation tool to a comprehensive mechanism for the maintenance of strategic economic advantages in the competition between great powers. China has played a central role…
In short The report finds that disinformation in Taiwan is less about technological novelty and more about underlying political and social tensions. Deep polarisation, particularly around socio-economic inequality, democratic freedoms secured after the martial law period, and cross-strait relations, creates…
This report analyzes the rapidly intensifying strategic partnership between North Korea (DPRK) and Russia since Moscow’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine, explaining how this alignment has evolved from a transactional wartime arrangement into a broader, potentially long-term geopolitical axis. It argues…
Supported by the Isaac Alfred Ailion Foundation. The African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) signed on 21 March 2018 represents Africa’s industrialization ambitions. To increase intra-African trade, governments are enacting value-addition policies that target their current raw mineral exports which…
Supported by the Dutch China Knowledge Network. This report reviews whether China’s legal frameworks for data governance create or increase risks for Dutch and European companies, individuals, infrastructure and national security, whether the Chinese government can leverage this legislation to…
